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Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Montenegro
There is an ongoing controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Montenegro, over the national identity and the name of the language spoken by Montenegro's main ethnic group. The central issue is whether Montenegrins constitute a subgroup of Serbs or a separate ethnic group; the latter identification has been adopted by the Montenegrin political regime since the 1990s. As of 2007, the official language is "the Montenegrin language", however, the majority of citizens declared Serbian as their native language. According to the 2011 census, the "Montenegrins" were 44.98% and "Serbs" 28.73%; "Montenegrin language" at 36.97% and "Serbian language" at 42.88%.
== Present situation ==
Until the 1990s, most of the Montenegrins defined themselves as both Serbs and Montenegrins. The vast majority of Montenegrins declared themselves as ''Montenegrins'' in the 1971–1991 censuses because they were citizens of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro.〔 As Montenegro began to seek independence from Serbia with the Đukanović—Milošević split, the difference between the Montenegrin and Serbian identities was emphasized; the Montenegrin nationalist movement sought independence.〔 The people had to make a choice whether they supported Montenegrin independence – the choosing of identity seems to have been based on their stance on independence.〔
The population of Montenegro is roughly divided on ethnic and political issues between the group composed of the ethnic Montenegrins (Orthodox, Muslim and Catholic), ethnic Bosniaks, ethnic Muslims, ethnic Croats and Albanians on one side, and the group composed of the ethnic Serbs on the other.
Various notable people in Montenegro supported Montenegrin independence and acknowledge the right of citizens in Montenegro to declare themselves as ethnic Montenegrins. Noted supporters of independence include famous statesman Milo Đukanović and the Speaker of Montenegro's Parliament Ranko Krivokapić. Of the minorities, these include the historical scientist Šerbo Rastoder (a Bosniak from Berane), don Branko Sbutega (a Roman Catholic priest from Kotor, declared as a Croat, who died April 27, 2006), and journalist Esad Kočan. A number of notable Montenegrins include famous football players Dejan Savićević, Predrag Mijatović, Stevan Jovetić and Mirko Vučinić, politician Slavko Perović, Filip Vujanović, Jusuf Kalamperović declared as a Montenegrin who professes Islam, comedian Branko Babović, popular folk singer Sako Polumenta, former world kick-boxing champion Samir Usenagić, actor Žarko Laušević, fashion model Marija Vujović, members of the rock group Perper, Miraš Dedeić and former President of Serbia and Montenegro Svetozar Marović.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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